- Exodus 8:19
וְשַׂמְתִּי פְדֻת בֵּין עַמִּי וּבֵין עַמֶּךָ לְמָחָר יִהְיֶה הָאֹת הַזֶּה׃
And I will make a distinction between My people and your people. Tomorrow this sign shall come to pass.’”
Targum Onkelos
וַאֲשַׁוֵּי פוּרְקָן לְעַמִּי וְעַל עַמָּךְ אַיְתִי מַחָא לִמְחַר יְהֵי אָתָא הָדֵין׃
I will set a [sign of] deliverance (distinction) between [for] My people and between [but upon] your people [I will bring a plague]. This sign will take place tomorrow.”
- Exodus 8:20
וַיַּעַשׂ יְהֹוָה כֵּן וַיָּבֹא עָרֹב כָּבֵד בֵּיתָה פַרְעֹה וּבֵית עֲבָדָיו וּבְכׇל־אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם תִּשָּׁחֵת הָאָרֶץ מִפְּנֵי הֶעָרֹב׃
And GOD did so. Heavy swarms of insects invaded Pharaoh’s palace and the houses of his courtiers; throughout the country of Egypt the land was ruined because of the swarms of insects.
Targum Onkelos
וַעֲבַד יְיָ כֵּן וַאֲתָא עָרוֹבָא תַּקִּיף לְבֵית פַּרְעֹה וּלְבֵית עַבְדּוֹהִי וּבְכָל אַרְעָא דְּמִצְרַיִם אִתְחַבַּלַת אַרְעָא מִן קֳדָם עָרוֹבָא׃
Adonoy did so. Huge throngs of wild animals came to the house of Pharaoh and the houses of his servants. Throughout the whole land of Egypt the land was devastated by the wild animals.
- Exodus 8:21
וַיִּקְרָא פַרְעֹה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה וּלְאַהֲרֹן וַיֹּאמֶר לְכוּ זִבְחוּ לֵאלֹהֵיכֶם בָּאָרֶץ׃
Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Go and sacrifice to your God within the land.”
Targum Onkelos
וּקְרָא פַרְעֹה לְמֹשֶׁה וּלְאַהֲרֹן וַאֲמַר אִיזִילוּ דַּבַּחוּ קֳדָם אֱלָהֲכוֹן בְּאַרְעָא׃
Pharaoh called for Moshe and Aharon, and he said, “Go! Sacrifice to [before] your God [here] in the land.”
- Exodus 8:22
וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה לֹא נָכוֹן לַעֲשׂוֹת כֵּן כִּי תּוֹעֲבַת מִצְרַיִם נִזְבַּח לַיהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ הֵן נִזְבַּח אֶת־תּוֹעֲבַת מִצְרַיִם לְעֵינֵיהֶם וְלֹא יִסְקְלֻנוּ׃
But Moses replied, “It would not be right to do this, for what we sacrifice to the ETERNAL our God is untouchable to the Egyptians. If we sacrifice that which is untouchable to the Egyptians before their very eyes, will they not stone us!
Targum Onkelos
וַאֲמַר מֹשֶׁה לָא תָקֵין לְמֶעֱבַד כֵּן אֲרֵי בְעִירָא דְּמִצְרָאֵי דָּחֲלִין לֵיהּ מִנֵּיהּ אֲנַחְנָא נָסְבִין לְדַבָּחָא קֳדָם יְיָ אֱלָהַנָא הָא נְדַבַּח יָת בְּעִירָא דְּמִצְרָאֵי דָּחֲלִין לֵיהּ וְאִנּוּן יְהוֹן חָזַן הֲלָא יֵימְרוּן לְמִרְגְּמַנָא׃
Moshe said, “It would not be proper to do so. For that which is abominable [sacred] to Egypt we intend to sacrifice to [the animal that the Egyptians worship we are taking to sacrifice before] Adonoy, our God. Could we sacrifice the abomination of the Egyptians before their eyes and not have them stone us? [Behold, we will sacrifice the animal that the Egyptians worship, and they will see. Will they not want to stone us?]
- Exodus 8:23
דֶּרֶךְ שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים נֵלֵךְ בַּמִּדְבָּר וְזָבַחְנוּ לַיהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ כַּאֲשֶׁר יֹאמַר אֵלֵינוּ׃
So we must go a distance of three days into the wilderness and sacrifice to the ETERNAL as our God may command us.”
Targum Onkelos
מַהְלַךְ תְּלָתָא יוֹמִין נֵיזֵיל בְּמַדְבְּרָא וּנְדַבַּח קֳדָם יְיָ אֱלָהַנָא כְּמָא דְּיֵימַר לַנָא׃
We must make a three day trip into the wilderness, and sacrifice to [before] Adonoy, our God, in the manner that He will tell us.”
- Exodus 8:24
וַיֹּאמֶר פַּרְעֹה אָנֹכִי אֲשַׁלַּח אֶתְכֶם וּזְבַחְתֶּם לַיהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם בַּמִּדְבָּר רַק הַרְחֵק לֹא־תַרְחִיקוּ לָלֶכֶת הַעְתִּירוּ בַּעֲדִי׃
Pharaoh said, “I will let you go to sacrifice to the ETERNAL your God in the wilderness; but do not go very far. Plead, then, for me.”
Targum Onkelos
וַאֲמַר פַּרְעֹה אֲנָא אֲשַׁלַּח יָתְכוֹן וּתְדַבְּחוּן קֳדָם יְיָ אֱלָהֲכוֹן בְּמַדְבְּרָא לְחוֹד אַרְחָקָא לָא תְרַחֲקוּן לְמֵיזַל צַלּוֹ עֲלָי׃
Pharaoh, said, “I will send you out so that you may sacrifice to [before] Adonoy, your God in the wilderness, as long as you do not go too far away. Pray [also] for me.”
- Exodus 8:25
וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי יוֹצֵא מֵעִמָּךְ וְהַעְתַּרְתִּי אֶל־יְהֹוָה וְסָר הֶעָרֹב מִפַּרְעֹה מֵעֲבָדָיו וּמֵעַמּוֹ מָחָר רַק אַל־יֹסֵף פַּרְעֹה הָתֵל לְבִלְתִּי שַׁלַּח אֶת־הָעָם לִזְבֹּחַ לַיהֹוָה׃
And Moses said, “When I leave your presence, I will plead with GOD that the swarms of insects depart tomorrow from Pharaoh and his courtiers and his people; but let not Pharaoh again act deceitfully, not letting the people go to sacrifice to GOD.”
Targum Onkelos
וַאֲמַר מֹשֶׁה הָא אֲנָא נָפֵיק מֵעִמָּךְ וַאֲצַלֵּי קֳדָם יְיָ וְיִעְדֵּי עָרוֹבָא מִפַּרְעֹה מֵעַבְדּוֹהִי וּמֵעַמֵּיהּ מְחַר לְחוֹד לָא יוֹסֵיף פַּרְעֹה לְשַׁקָּרָא בְּדִיל דְּלָא לְשַׁלָּחָא יָת עַמָּא לְדַבָּחָא קֳדָם יְיָ׃
Moshe said, “Behold, when I leave your presence I will pray to [before] Adonoy, and the wild animals will depart from Pharaoh, and from his servants and from his people, tomorrow. But let Pharaoh never again deceive us [by] refusing to send the people to sacrifice to [before] Adonoy.”
- Exodus 8:26
וַיֵּצֵא מֹשֶׁה מֵעִם פַּרְעֹה וַיֶּעְתַּר אֶל־יְהֹוָה׃
So Moses left Pharaoh’s presence and pleaded with GOD.
Targum Onkelos
וּנְפַק מֹשֶׁה מִלְּוָת פַּרְעֹה וְצַלִּי קֳדָם יְיָ׃
Moshe went out from Pharaoh[’s presence] and prayed to [before] Adonoy.
- Exodus 8:27
וַיַּעַשׂ יְהֹוָה כִּדְבַר מֹשֶׁה וַיָּסַר הֶעָרֹב מִפַּרְעֹה מֵעֲבָדָיו וּמֵעַמּוֹ לֹא נִשְׁאַר אֶחָד׃
And GOD did as Moses asked—removing the swarms of insects from Pharaoh, from his courtiers, and from his people; not one remained.
Targum Onkelos
וַעֲבַד יְיָ כְּפִתְגָמָא דְּמֹשֶׁה וְאַעְדִּי עָרוֹבָא מִפַּרְעֹה מֵעַבְדּוֹהִי וּמֵעַמֵּיהּ לָא אִשְׁתְּאַר חַד׃
Adonoy did as Moshe spoke [requested]. He caused the wild animals to depart from Pharaoh from his servants and from his people. Not a single one remained.
- Exodus 8:28
וַיַּכְבֵּד פַּרְעֹה אֶת־לִבּוֹ גַּם בַּפַּעַם הַזֹּאת וְלֹא שִׁלַּח אֶת־הָעָם׃
But Pharaoh became stubborn this time also, and would not let the people go.
Targum Onkelos
וְיַקַּר פַּרְעֹה יָת לִבֵּיהּ אַף בְּזִמְנָא הָדָא וְלָא שַׁלַּח יָת עַמָּא׃
But Pharaoh hardened his heart again, this time and he did not send out the people.
- Exodus 9:1
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה בֹּא אֶל־פַּרְעֹה וְדִבַּרְתָּ אֵלָיו כֹּה־אָמַר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי הָעִבְרִים שַׁלַּח אֶת־עַמִּי וְיַעַבְדֻנִי׃
GOD said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘Thus says the ETERNAL, the God of the Hebrews: Let My people go to worship Me.
Targum Onkelos
וַאֲמַר יְיָ לְמֹשֶׁה עוֹל לְוָת פַּרְעֹה וּתְמַלֵּיל עִמֵּיהּ כִּדְנָן אֲמַר יְיָ אֱלָהָא דִּיהוּדָאֵי שַׁלַּח יָת עַמִּי וְיִפְלְחוּן קֳדָמָי׃
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what Adonoy, God of the Hebrews has said, Send out My people and let them serve [before] Me.
- Exodus 9:2
כִּי אִם־מָאֵן אַתָּה לְשַׁלֵּחַ וְעוֹדְךָ מַחֲזִיק בָּם׃
For if you refuse to let them go, and continue to hold them,
Targum Onkelos
אֲרֵי אִם מְסָרֵיב אַתְּ לְשַׁלָּחָא וְעַד כְּעַן אַתְּ מַתְקֵיף בְּהוֹן׃
For if you refuse to send them out, and continue holding them;
- Exodus 9:3
הִנֵּה יַד־יְהֹוָה הוֹיָה בְּמִקְנְךָ אֲשֶׁר בַּשָּׂדֶה בַּסּוּסִים בַּחֲמֹרִים בַּגְּמַלִּים בַּבָּקָר וּבַצֹּאן דֶּבֶר כָּבֵד מְאֹד׃
then GOD’s hand will strike your livestock in the fields—the horses, the donkeys, the camels, the cattle, and the sheep—with a very severe pestilence.
Targum Onkelos
הָא מַחָא מִן קֳדָם יְיָ הָוְיָא בִּבְעִירָךְ דִּבְחַקְלָא בְּסוּסָוָתָא בִּחְמָרֵי בְּגַמְלֵי בְּתוֹרֵי וּבְעָנָא מוֹתָא סַגִּי לַחְדָּא׃
behold, the hand of [a plague from before] Adonoy is directed at your livestock that are in the field—upon the horses, the donkeys, the camels, the cattle and the sheep—there will be a very heavy [serious] plague.
- Exodus 9:4
וְהִפְלָה יְהֹוָה בֵּין מִקְנֵה יִשְׂרָאֵל וּבֵין מִקְנֵה מִצְרָיִם וְלֹא יָמוּת מִכׇּל־לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל דָּבָר׃
But GOD will make a distinction between the livestock of Israel and the livestock of the Egyptians, so that nothing shall die of all that belongs to the Israelites.
Targum Onkelos
וְיַפְרֵישׁ יְיָ בֵּין בְּעִירָא דְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וּבֵין בְּעִירָא דְּמִצְרָאֵי וְלָא יְמוּת מִכֹּלָא לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מִדָּעַם׃
Adonoy will distinguish between the livestock of the [B’nei] Yisrael and the livestock of Egypt. None belonging to the B’nei Yisrael will die.’”
- Exodus 9:5
וַיָּשֶׂם יְהֹוָה מוֹעֵד לֵאמֹר מָחָר יַעֲשֶׂה יְהֹוָה הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה בָּאָרֶץ׃
GOD has fixed the time: tomorrow GOD will do this thing in the land.’”
Targum Onkelos
וְשַׁוִּי יְיָ זִמְנָא לְמֵימַר מְחַר יַעֲבֵיד יְיָ פִּתְגָמָא הָדֵין בְּאַרְעָא׃
Adonoy has set a time, saying, Tomorrow Adonoy will do this thing in the land.
- Exodus 9:6
וַיַּעַשׂ יְהֹוָה אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה מִמׇּחֳרָת וַיָּמׇת כֹּל מִקְנֵה מִצְרָיִם וּמִמִּקְנֵה בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא־מֵת אֶחָד׃
And GOD did so the next day: all the livestock of the Egyptians died, but of the livestock of the Israelites not one died.
Targum Onkelos
וַעֲבַד יְיָ יָת פִּתְגָמָא הָדֵין בְּיוֹמָא דְּבָתְרוֹהִי וּמִית כָּל בְּעִירָא דְּמִצְרָאֵי וּמִבְּעִירָא דִּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לָא מִית חַד׃
Adonoy did this thing on the next day, and all the livestock in Egypt died, but of the livestock of the B’nei Yisrael, not one died.
- Exodus 9:7
וַיִּשְׁלַח פַּרְעֹה וְהִנֵּה לֹא־מֵת מִמִּקְנֵה יִשְׂרָאֵל עַד־אֶחָד וַיִּכְבַּד לֵב פַּרְעֹה וְלֹא שִׁלַּח אֶת־הָעָם׃
When Pharaoh inquired, he found that not a head of the livestock of Israel had died; yet Pharaoh remained stubborn, and he would not let the people go.
Targum Onkelos
וּשְׁלַח פַּרְעֹה וְהָא לָא מִית מִבְּעִירָא דְּיִשְׂרָאֵל עַד חַד וְאִתְיַקַּר לִבָּא דְּפַרְעֹה וְלָא שַׁלַּח יָת עַמָּא׃
Pharaoh sent [scouts] and behold not a single animal of the B’nei Yisrael died. The heart of Pharaoh remained hard and he did not send out the people.
- Exodus 9:8
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה וְאֶל־אַהֲרֹן קְחוּ לָכֶם מְלֹא חׇפְנֵיכֶם פִּיחַ כִּבְשָׁן וּזְרָקוֹ מֹשֶׁה הַשָּׁמַיְמָה לְעֵינֵי פַרְעֹה׃
Then GOD said to Moses and Aaron, “Each of you take handfuls of soot from the kiln, and let Moses throw it toward the sky in the sight of Pharaoh.
Targum Onkelos
וַאֲמַר יְיָ לְמֹשֶׁה וּלְאַהֲרֹן סַבוּ לְכוֹן מְלֵי חוּפְנֵיכוֹן פִּיחַ דְּאַתּוּנָא וְיִזְרְקִנֵּיהּ מֹשֶׁה לְצֵית שְׁמַיָּא לְעֵינֵי פַרְעֹה׃
Adonoy spoke to Moshe and Aharon, “Both of you take full handfuls of furnace soot and let Moshe throw it heavenward before the eyes of Pharaoh.
- Exodus 9:9
וְהָיָה לְאָבָק עַל כׇּל־אֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם וְהָיָה עַל־הָאָדָם וְעַל־הַבְּהֵמָה לִשְׁחִין פֹּרֵחַ אֲבַעְבֻּעֹת בְּכׇל־אֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם׃
It shall become a fine dust all over the land of Egypt, and cause an inflammation breaking out in boils on human and animal throughout the land of Egypt.”
Targum Onkelos
וִיהֵי לְאַבְקָא עַל כָּל אַרְעָא דְּמִצְרָיִם וִיהֵי עַל אֲנָשָׁא וְעַל בְּעִירָא לִשְׁחִין סָגֵי אֲבַעְבּוֹעֲיָן בְּכָל אַרְעָא דְּמִצְרָיִם׃
It will become a fine dust [and settle] over the whole land of Egypt. It will settle on man and beast causing a rash which will break out into boils [affecting] the whole land of Egypt.”
- Exodus 9:10
וַיִּקְחוּ אֶת־פִּיחַ הַכִּבְשָׁן וַיַּעַמְדוּ לִפְנֵי פַרְעֹה וַיִּזְרֹק אֹתוֹ מֹשֶׁה הַשָּׁמָיְמָה וַיְהִי שְׁחִין אֲבַעְבֻּעֹת פֹּרֵחַ בָּאָדָם וּבַבְּהֵמָה׃
So they took soot of the kiln and appeared before Pharaoh; Moses threw it toward the sky, and it caused an inflammation breaking out in boils on human and animal.
Targum Onkelos
וּנְסִיבוּ יָת פִּיחַ דְּאַתּוּנָא וְקָמוּ קֳדָם פַּרְעֹה וּזְרַק יָתֵיהּ מֹשֶׁה לְצֵית שְׁמַיָּא וַהֲוָה שְׁחִין אֲבַעְבּוֹעֲיָן סָגֵי בַּאֲנָשָׁא וּבִבְעִירָא׃
They took the furnace soot and stood before Pharaoh. Moshe threw it heavenward, and it caused a rash which broke into boils in man and beast.
- Exodus 9:11
וְלֹא־יָכְלוּ הַחַרְטֻמִּים לַעֲמֹד לִפְנֵי מֹשֶׁה מִפְּנֵי הַשְּׁחִין כִּי־הָיָה הַשְּׁחִין בַּחַרְטֻמִּם וּבְכׇל־מִצְרָיִם׃
The magicians were unable to confront Moses because of the inflammation, for the inflammation afflicted the magicians as well as all the other Egyptians.
Targum Onkelos
וְלָא יְכִילוּ חָרָשַׁיָּא לִמְקָם קֳדָם מֹשֶׁה מִן קֳדָם שִׁחְנָא אֲרֵי הֲוָה שִׁחְנָא בְּחָרָשַׁיָּא וּבְכָל מִצְרָאֵי׃
The sorcerers could not stand before Moshe as a result of the rash, for the rash affected the sorcerers as well as all of Egypt.
- Exodus 9:12
וַיְחַזֵּק יְהֹוָה אֶת־לֵב פַּרְעֹה וְלֹא שָׁמַע אֲלֵהֶם כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה׃
But GOD stiffened the heart of Pharaoh, and he would not heed them, just as GOD had told Moses.
Targum Onkelos
וְתַקֵּיף יְיָ יָת לִבָּא דְּפַרְעֹה וְלָא קַבֵּיל מִנְּהוֹן כְּמָא דְּמַלֵּיל יְיָ עִם מֹשֶׁה׃
Adonoy caused Pharaoh’s heart to remain hard and he did not listen to [accept] them just as Adonoy had spoken to Moshe.
- Exodus 9:13
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה הַשְׁכֵּם בַּבֹּקֶר וְהִתְיַצֵּב לִפְנֵי פַרְעֹה וְאָמַרְתָּ אֵלָיו כֹּה־אָמַר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי הָעִבְרִים שַׁלַּח אֶת־עַמִּי וְיַעַבְדֻנִי׃
GOD said to Moses, “Early in the morning present yourself to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘Thus says the ETERNAL, the God of the Hebrews: Let My people go to worship Me.
Targum Onkelos
וַאֲמַר יְיָ לְמֹשֶׁה אַקְדֵּים בְּצַפְרָא וְאִתְעַתַּד קֳדָם פַּרְעֹה וְתֵימַר לֵיהּ כִּדְנָן אֲמַר יְיָ אֱלָהָא דִּיהוּדָאֵי שַׁלַּח יָת עַמִּי וְיִפְלְחוּן קֳדָמָי׃
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Rise early in the morning and stand before Pharaoh, and say to him, ‘This is what Adonoy, God of the Hebrews, has said, “Send out My people and let them serve [before] Me.
- Exodus 9:14
כִּי ׀ בַּפַּעַם הַזֹּאת אֲנִי שֹׁלֵחַ אֶת־כׇּל־מַגֵּפֹתַי אֶל־לִבְּךָ וּבַעֲבָדֶיךָ וּבְעַמֶּךָ בַּעֲבוּר תֵּדַע כִּי אֵין כָּמֹנִי בְּכׇל־הָאָרֶץ׃
For this time I will send all My plagues upon your person, and your courtiers, and your people, in order that you may know that there is none like Me in all the world.
Targum Onkelos
אֲרֵי בְּזִמְנָא הָדָא אֲנָא שָׁלַח יָת כָּל מַחָתַי בְּלִבָּךְ וּבְעַבְדָךְ וּבְעַמָּךְ בְּדִיל דְּתִדַּע אֲרֵי לֵית דִּכְוָתִי בְּכָל אַרְעָא׃
For this time, I will send all My plagues against your [very] heart. [They will strike] your servants and your people, so that you will know that there is none like Me[, a ruler] in all the earth.
- Exodus 9:15
כִּי עַתָּה שָׁלַחְתִּי אֶת־יָדִי וָאַךְ אוֹתְךָ וְאֶת־עַמְּךָ בַּדָּבֶר וַתִּכָּחֵד מִן־הָאָרֶץ׃
I could have stretched forth My hand and stricken you and your people with pestilence, and you would have been effaced from the earth.
Targum Onkelos
אֲרֵי כְעַן קָרִיב קֳדָמַי דִּשְׁלַחִית פּוֹן יָת מַחַת גְּבוּרְתִי וּמְחֵית יָתָךְ וְיָת עַמָּךְ בְּמוֹתָא וְאִשְׁתֵּיצִיתָא מִן אַרְעָא׃
For now [had I wanted to] I [could] have extended My hand [sent the plague of My strength], and struck you and your people with the pestilence, and you would have been obliterated from the earth.
- Exodus 9:16
וְאוּלָם בַּעֲבוּר זֹאת הֶעֱמַדְתִּיךָ בַּעֲבוּר הַרְאֹתְךָ אֶת־כֹּחִי וּלְמַעַן סַפֵּר שְׁמִי בְּכׇל־הָאָרֶץ׃
Nevertheless I have spared you for this purpose: in order to show you My power, and in order that My fame may resound throughout the world.
Targum Onkelos
וּבְרַם בְּדִיל דָּא קַיֵּימְתָּךְ בְּדִיל לְאַחְזָיוּתָךְ יָת חֵילִי וּבְדִיל דִּיהוֹן מִשְׁתָּעַן גְּבוּרַת שְׁמִי בְּכָל אַרְעָא׃
Nevertheless, for this reason I have let you survive—to show you My strength—so that [the strength of] My Name will be declared throughout all the earth.