- Exodus 13:17
וַיְהִי בְּשַׁלַּח פַּרְעֹה אֶת־הָעָם וְלֹא־נָחָם אֱלֹהִים דֶּרֶךְ אֶרֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּים כִּי קָרוֹב הוּא כִּי ׀ אָמַר אֱלֹהִים פֶּן־יִנָּחֵם הָעָם בִּרְאֹתָם מִלְחָמָה וְשָׁבוּ מִצְרָיְמָה׃
Now when Pharaoh let the people go, God did not lead them by way of the land of the Philistines, although it was nearer; for God said, “The people may have a change of heart when they see war, and return to Egypt.”
Targum Onkelos
וַהֲוָה כַּד שַׁלַּח פַּרְעֹה יָת עַמָּא וְלָא דַּבַּרִנּוּן יְיָ אוֹרַח אֲרַע פְּלִשְׁתָּאֵי אֲרֵי קָרִיבָא הִיא אֲרֵי אֲמַר יְיָ דִּלְמָא יְזוּעוּן עַמָּא בְּמִחְזֵיהוֹן קְרָבָא וִיתוּבוּן לְמִצְרָיִם׃
When Pharaoh sent away the people Elohim did not lead them by way of the land of the Philistines because it was the shortest route; for Elohim said, “The people might change their minds [tremble ] should they encounter war, and return to Egypt.
- Exodus 13:18
וַיַּסֵּב אֱלֹהִים ׀ אֶת־הָעָם דֶּרֶךְ הַמִּדְבָּר יַם־סוּף וַחֲמֻשִׁים עָלוּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם׃
So God led the people round about, by way of the wilderness at the Sea of Reeds. Now the Israelites went up armed out of the land of Egypt.
Targum Onkelos
וְאַסְחַר יְיָ יָת עַמָּא אוֹרַח מַדְבְּרָא לְיַמָּא דְּסוּף וּמְזָרְזִין סְלִיקוּ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאַרְעָא דְּמִצְרָיִם׃
And so Elohim led the people round-about by way of the Reed Sea Desert, and the B’nei Yisrael went up armed from the land of Egypt.
- Exodus 13:19
וַיִּקַּח מֹשֶׁה אֶת־עַצְמוֹת יוֹסֵף עִמּוֹ כִּי הַשְׁבֵּעַ הִשְׁבִּיעַ אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵאמֹר פָּקֹד יִפְקֹד אֱלֹהִים אֶתְכֶם וְהַעֲלִיתֶם אֶת־עַצְמֹתַי מִזֶּה אִתְּכֶם׃
And Moses took with him the bones of Joseph, who had exacted an oath from the children of Israel, saying, “God will be sure to take notice of you: then you shall carry up my bones from here with you.”
Targum Onkelos
וַאַסֵּיק מֹשֶׁה יָת גַּרְמֵי יוֹסֵף עִמֵּיהּ אֲרֵי אוֹמָאָה אוֹמִי יָת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמֵימַר מִדְכָר דְּכִיר יְיָ יָתְכוֹן וְתַסְּקוּן יָת גַּרְמַי מִכָּא עִמְּכוֹן׃
Moshe took [carried up] the bones of Yoseif with him, for [Yoseif] had bound the B’nei Yisrael by oath saying, “Elohim will surely remember you, and [then] you must carry up my bones out of here with you.
- Exodus 13:20
וַיִּסְעוּ מִסֻּכֹּת וַיַּחֲנוּ בְאֵתָם בִּקְצֵה הַמִּדְבָּר׃
They set out from Succoth, and encamped at Etham, at the edge of the wilderness.
Targum Onkelos
וּנְטַלוּ מִסּוּכּוֹת וּשְׁרוֹ בְאֵיתָם בִּסְטַר מַדְבְּרָא׃
They journeyed from Sukkos and camped at Eisom at the edge of the desert.
- Exodus 13:21
וַיהֹוָה הֹלֵךְ לִפְנֵיהֶם יוֹמָם בְּעַמּוּד עָנָן לַנְחֹתָם הַדֶּרֶךְ וְלַיְלָה בְּעַמּוּד אֵשׁ לְהָאִיר לָהֶם לָלֶכֶת יוֹמָם וָלָיְלָה׃
GOD went before them in a pillar of cloud by day, to guide them along the way, and in a pillar of fire by night, to give them light, that they might travel day and night.
Targum Onkelos
וַייָ מְדַבַּר קֳדָמֵיהוֹן בִּימָמָא בְּעַמּוּדָא דַּעֲנָנָא לְדַבָּרוּתְהוֹן בְּאוֹרְחָא וּבְלֵילְיָא בְּעַמּוּדָא דְּאִישָׁתָא לְאַנְהָרָא לְהוֹן לְמֵיזַל בִּימָמָא וּבְלֵילְיָא׃
Adonoy went before them by day in a pillar of cloud to lead them on the way, and at night in a pillar of fire to provide them with light, so that they could travel by day and by night.
- Exodus 13:22
לֹא־יָמִישׁ עַמּוּד הֶעָנָן יוֹמָם וְעַמּוּד הָאֵשׁ לָיְלָה לִפְנֵי הָעָם׃
The pillar of cloud by day and the pillar of fire by night did not depart from before the people.
Targum Onkelos
לָא עָדֵי עַמּוּדָא דַּעֲנָנָא בִּימָמָא וְאַף לָא עַמּוּדָא דְּאִישָׁתָא בְּלֵילְיָא מִן קֳדָם עַמָּא׃
He did not remove the pillar of cloud by day, or [even] the pillar of fire at night, from before the people.
- Exodus 14:1
וַיְדַבֵּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹר׃
GOD said to Moses:
Targum Onkelos
וּמַלֵּיל יְיָ עִם מֹשֶׁה לְמֵימַר׃
Adonoy spoke to Moshe saying:
- Exodus 14:2
דַּבֵּר אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְיָשֻׁבוּ וְיַחֲנוּ לִפְנֵי פִּי הַחִירֹת בֵּין מִגְדֹּל וּבֵין הַיָּם לִפְנֵי בַּעַל צְפֹן נִכְחוֹ תַחֲנוּ עַל־הַיָּם׃
Tell the Israelites to turn back and encamp before Pi-hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea, before Baal-zephon; you shall encamp facing it, by the sea.
Targum Onkelos
מַלֵּיל עִם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וִיתוּבוּן וְיִשְׁרוֹן קֳדָם פּוֹם חִירָתָא בֵּין מִגְדּוֹל וּבֵין יַמָּא קֳדָם בְּעֵיל צְפוֹן לְקִבְלֵיהּ תִּשְׁרוֹן עַל יַמָּא׃
“Speak to the B’nei Yisrael and have them turn back and camp before Pi haChiros, between Migdol and the sea, facing Ba’al Tzephon. Camp opposite it, near the sea.”
- Exodus 14:3
וְאָמַר פַּרְעֹה לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל נְבֻכִים הֵם בָּאָרֶץ סָגַר עֲלֵיהֶם הַמִּדְבָּר׃
Pharaoh will say of the Israelites, “They are astray in the land; the wilderness has closed in on them.”
Targum Onkelos
וְיֵימַר פַּרְעֹה עַל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מְעוּרְבְּלִין אִנּוּן בְּאַרְעָא אֲחַד עֲלֵיהוֹן מַדְבְּרָא׃
Pharaoh will then say of the B’nei Yisrael, “They are confused in the land, the desert has shut [trapped] them in.
- Exodus 14:4
וְחִזַּקְתִּי אֶת־לֵב־פַּרְעֹה וְרָדַף אַחֲרֵיהֶם וְאִכָּבְדָה בְּפַרְעֹה וּבְכׇל־חֵילוֹ וְיָדְעוּ מִצְרַיִם כִּי־אֲנִי יְהֹוָה וַיַּעֲשׂוּ־כֵן׃
Then I will stiffen Pharaoh’s heart and he will pursue them, that I may gain glory through Pharaoh and all his host; and the Egyptians shall know that I am GOD. And they did so.
Targum Onkelos
וַאֲתַקֵּיף יָת לִבָּא דְּפַרְעֹה וְיִרְדּוֹף בָּתְרֵיהוֹן וְאֶתְיַקַּר בְּפַרְעֹה וּבְכָל מַשְׁרְיָתֵיהּ וְיִדְּעוּן מִצְרָאֵי אֲרֵי אֲנָא יְיָ וַעֲבַדוּ כֵן׃
I will harden Pharaoh’s heart and he will pursue them. and I will be glorified through Pharaoh and his entire army. Egypt will [then] know that I am Adonoy.” They [the B’nei Yisrael] did just that.
- Exodus 14:5
וַיֻּגַּד לְמֶלֶךְ מִצְרַיִם כִּי בָרַח הָעָם וַיֵּהָפֵךְ לְבַב פַּרְעֹה וַעֲבָדָיו אֶל־הָעָם וַיֹּאמְרוּ מַה־זֹּאת עָשִׂינוּ כִּי־שִׁלַּחְנוּ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵעׇבְדֵנוּ׃
When the king of Egypt was told that the people had fled, Pharaoh and his courtiers had a change of heart about the people and said, “What is this we have done, releasing Israel from our service?”
Targum Onkelos
וְאִתְחַוַּא לְמַלְכָּא דְּמִצְרַיִם אֲרֵי אֲזַל עַמָּא וְאִתְהֲפֵיךְ לִבָּא דְּפַרְעֹה וְעַבְדּוֹהִי בְּעַמָּא וַאֲמַרוּ מָא דָּא עֲבַדְנָא אֲרֵי שַׁלַּחְנָא יָת יִשְׂרָאֵל מִפּוּלְחָנַנָא׃
The king of Egypt was told that the people had fled [gone]. Pharaoh and his servants had a change of heart regarding the people, and they said, “What have we done? [How did] we release Israel from serving us?
- Exodus 14:6
וַיֶּאְסֹר אֶת־רִכְבּוֹ וְאֶת־עַמּוֹ לָקַח עִמּוֹ׃
He ordered his chariot and took his force with him;
Targum Onkelos
וְטַקֵּיס יָת רְתִכֵּיהּ וְיָת עַמֵּיהּ דְּבַר עִמֵּיהּ׃
He [Pharaoh] harnessed his chariot and he took his people with him.
- Exodus 14:7
וַיִּקַּח שֵׁשׁ־מֵאוֹת רֶכֶב בָּחוּר וְכֹל רֶכֶב מִצְרָיִם וְשָׁלִשִׁם עַל־כֻּלּוֹ׃
he took six hundred of his picked chariots, and the rest of the chariots of Egypt, with officers in all of them.
Targum Onkelos
וּדְבַר שֵׁית מְאָה רְתִכִּין בְּחִירָן וְכֹל רְתִכֵּי מִצְרָאֵי וְגִבָּרִין מְמֻנַּן עַל כּוּלְּהוֹן׃
He took six hundred elite chariots [and crews], and all the [other] chariots of Egypt, and commanders [mighty men were appointed] over all of them.
- Exodus 14:8
וַיְחַזֵּק יְהֹוָה אֶת־לֵב פַּרְעֹה מֶלֶךְ מִצְרַיִם וַיִּרְדֹּף אַחֲרֵי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל יֹצְאִים בְּיָד רָמָה׃
GOD stiffened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he gave chase to the Israelites. As the Israelites were departing defiantly,
Targum Onkelos
וְתַקֵּיף יְיָ יָת לִבָּא דְּפַרְעֹה מַלְכָּא דְּמִצְרַיִם וּרְדַף בָּתַר בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל נָפְקִין בְּרֵישׁ גְּלֵי׃
Adonoy hardened the heart of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and he pursued the B’nei Yisrael. The B’nei Yisrael went out high handedly [in triumph] [publicly].